David Raab Article Archive

Sigma Dynamics Sigma Dynamics
David M. Raab
DM News
February 2006

We’re not yet partying like it’s 1999, clinic but a bit of froth has definitely returned to the world of marketing technology. One bit of evidence is a renewed interest in grand concepts such as long-term customer strategies, viagra buy enterprise interaction management, pharmacy and automated process optimization. Not that this is bad: these are among my personal favorites and I root for them like old friends starting a second marriage. But the skeptic in me can’t help wondering whether they are truly ideas whose time has finally come or will once again falter for the same subtle reasons as before.

In the normal course of things, this paragraph would tell you what those reasons were and whether they still apply. Alas, I’ve never really understood why such attractive concepts met with such little acceptance. The most plausible explanations I’ve seen are that the necessary infrastructure systems were not in place, most companies lacked the skilled staff needed to exploit the concepts, and few companies were ready to accept the organizational disruptions that fully adopting the concepts would imply. But none is fully convincing, nor, if they are real reasons, it is clear whether any of them have really changed. So my crystal ball remains frustratingly opaque.

Sigma Dynamics (Sigma Dynamics, 650-931-2360, www.sigmadynamics.com) provides an updated version of the real-time interaction management concepts that were developed during the late 1990’s. The business proposition is simple: having a single, central system to manage customer treatments across different channels allows companies to develop optimal strategies and execute them consistently. Of course, optimization and consistency are useful even for non-real-time interactions like as traditional direct mail. But sophisticated call centers and the Internet make the real-time piece more prominent and require more advanced technologies.

Specifically, real-time interaction managers must be able to gather information about an interaction while it is under way and generate responses that take this information into account. On a purely mechanical level, this requires fast and reliable integration with the operational systems that are actually executing the interaction, so the operations themselves are not disrupted. This extends beyond data integration to content management, which relates the treatments recommended by the interaction manager to actual Web ads or telemarketing scripts. To add real value, the interaction manager should yield better decisions than would result from using the business rule functions already available within most operational systems. This generally involves some sort of predictive modeling, which is often—though not necessarily—automated to observe results and adjust treatments without direct human intervention.

Sigma Dynamics meets these requirements with a set of interfaces designed to simplify deployment while optimizing results across business processes, such as customer service requests, that may span multiple interactions across different systems. It does this by allowing users to assign multiple objectives to each interaction. Some objectives reflect goals for the specific interaction while others reflect goals for the process as a whole.

Users set up each interaction as a set of exchanges between the operational systems and the Sigma Dynamics Decision Engine. Some exchanges send data to the Decision Engine and some return recommendations for the operational system to execute. Recommendations might include connecting a customer to a certain call center agent or extending a particular offer. The Decision Engine selects them based on user-defined business rules and model scores. Rules can be assigned multiple business objectives, which may measure different events at different times. For example, objectives for a customer service interaction might including minimizing the length of the current telephone call and reducing the likelihood of the customer calling back again on the same issue. Objectives are assigned weights to reflect their relative importance and can be given different sets of weights for different customer segments within the same business rule. The automated portions of the system seek to maximize the weighted value of all objectives when making recommendations.

During an interaction, the Decision Engine gathers information from the operational system, combines this with other data, executes its decision rules, and returns recommendations. A separate function, called the Learning Engine, tracks the results of recommendations that are acted upon and uses these to update predictive models. Sigma Dynamics includes test vs. control capabilities to help identify optimal decision rules.

Apart from the Learning Engine, Sigma Dynamics does not store any customer data. It gathers data from operational systems, marketing databases and other external repositories as required during each process and then keeps that data in memory until an interaction is complete. Interactions can draw on data from multiple operational systems, including previous interactions that are part of the same process, if the operational systems provide a way to recognize that the interactions are linked.

Recommended actions and decision rules are set up by business users in a Web-based application called Decision Center. Connections to external systems and objects such as interactions and offers are built by technical staff with a client-server application called Studio. Most work is accomplished through a point-and-click graphical interface, although some coding is required for complex tasks or calls to external systems. Studio is also used to define the system’s self-learning business models, which use standard statistical techniques. Users specify the nature of the model, the offers available, the outcome to optimize, the event that will trigger the model, and other parameters. Sigma Dynamics automatically tests all available data elements within a model, although users can specify elements to include or exclude if they wish.

Deployment of Sigma Dynamics is typically done in stages, starting with a relatively simple application and then adding data sources, integration points, predictive models and other refinements over time. An initial deployment can take about ten weeks.

Sigma Dynamics was originally launched in 2002. It has a number of direct clients and additional implementations through partners who have developed applications on the Sigma Dynamics platform. The system is built using the Eclipse development environment, which generates Java code, and runs on Windows, Linux and various Unix servers. Pricing is based on the size of the installation and starts at $250,000.